{"id":3109,"date":"2026-10-04T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T01:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/?p=3109"},"modified":"2026-10-04T09:12:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T01:12:03","slug":"what-petrochemical-components-can-be-investment-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/what-petrochemical-components-can-be-investment-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Componenti di fusione per il settore petrolchimico: Valvole, Pompe, Raccordi e Hardware degli impianti"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Investment Casting Advantages for Petrochemical Components<\/h2>\n<p>Which petrochemical components can be manufactured using the investment casting process? We manufacture mission-critical hardware using the lost-wax process to withstand extreme pressures, thermal cycling, and aggressive chemical corrosion.<\/p>\n<p>Investment casting delivers distinct manufacturing and mechanical advantages over standard forging or multi-piece fabrications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Precision dimensional tolerances:<\/strong> Complex internal geometries, intricate passageways, and thin-walled sections are cast accurately without extensive secondary setups.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Superior surface finish:<\/strong> As-cast finishes significantly reduce post-cast machining time and eliminate fluid-flow friction inside pressure-retaining hardware.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Near-net-shape efficiency:<\/strong> Pouring near-net shapes eliminates costly material waste when working with high-grade, expensive alloys.<\/li>\n<li><strong>High structural density:<\/strong> Solid metallurgical integrity ensures components resist cavitation, high stress, and leakage under heavy loads.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Manufacturing Metric<\/th>\n<th>Investment Casting (Lost Wax)<\/th>\n<th>Welded Fabrications \/ Multi-Part Assembly<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Geometry Capability<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Complex, internal flow channels<\/td>\n<td>Limited to standard shapes &amp; joined sections<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Material Scrap Rate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Minimal (Near-net-shape output)<\/td>\n<td>High (Heavy material removal required)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Leak Integrity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Monolithic structure, high pressure rating<sup><a class=\"cite-ref\" href=\"#ref-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable at weld seams and joints<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Alloy Versatility<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Stainless, Duplex, Inconel, Stellite<\/td>\n<td>Limited by machinability and weldability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Critical Flow Control and Valve Components<\/h2>\n<p>Why Choose Investment Casting for Petrochemical Hardware? Severe processing environments demand leak-free reliability, high pressure tolerance, and resistance to aggressive media. Through precision lost-wax casting, we deliver complex, pressure-retaining valve parts with smooth internal passages and tight tolerances, drastically cutting down post-cast machining.<\/p>\n<p>As an experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/valve-castings-manufacturer-custom-oem-valve-bodies\/\">valve castings manufacturer<\/a> for custom OEM valve bodies, we engineer high-integrity components built to withstand extreme mechanical and thermal stress:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ball Valve Bodies, Balls, and End Caps:<\/strong> Cast in corrosion-resistant alloys to ensure tight shutoff and smooth quarter-turn actuation in high-pressure lines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Butterfly Valve Discs and Bodies:<\/strong> Streamlined profiles cast with thin-walled precision to maximize flow capacity and minimize turbulence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gate and Globe Valve Wedges and Bonnets:<\/strong> Robust structural designs that maintain dimensional stability under severe pressure cycles and thermal fluctuations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Control Valve Trims, Cages, and Plugs:<\/strong> Intricate internal contours and ported geometries cast near-net shape for precise throttling and cavitation resistance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pressure Relief and Check Valve Housings:<\/strong> Defect-free, dense cast bodies engineered to prevent backflow and safely handle sudden overpressure events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Investment_Cast_Petrochemical_Valve_Components_afB.webp\" alt=\"Investment cast petrochemical valve bodies, balls, and end caps\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pumping and Fluid Transfer Hardware<\/h2>\n<p>When processing aggressive chemicals, crude oil, and high-pressure hydrocarbons, fluid handling equipment faces severe wear, cavitation, and corrosive attack. When considering <strong>what petrochemical components can be investment cast<\/strong>, rotating equipment and fluid transfer hardware represent some of the most critical applications. The lost-wax process allows us to cast intricate internal fluid passages, contoured vanes, and thin-walled hydraulic sections that are nearly impossible to produce through conventional machining or welded fabrications.<\/p>\n<h3>Closed, Open, and Semi-Open Pump Impellers<\/h3>\n<p>We produce a wide variety of cast pump impellers engineered for optimal hydraulic balance and high-velocity fluid flow:<br \/>\n<strong>Closed Impellers:<\/strong> Designed with complex internal coring to produce smooth, enclosed liquid channels for maximum pumping efficiency.<br \/>\n<strong>Semi-Open and Open Impellers:<\/strong> Cast with precision-contoured vanes to handle heavy slurries, abrasive chemical mixtures, and suspended solids without clogging.<br \/>\n<strong>Balanced Geometries:<\/strong> Cast to near-net shapes to minimize dynamic unbalance and secondary balancing operations.<\/p>\n<h3>Pump Casings, Volutes, and Suction Covers<\/h3>\n<p>Petrochemical pumps require pressure-retaining housings that withstand continuous mechanical stress and chemical erosion:<br \/>\n<strong>Volutes and Casings:<\/strong> Cast with uniform wall thicknesses and smooth interior flow profiles to reduce fluid turbulence and cavitation wear.<br \/>\n<strong>Suction Heads and Covers:<\/strong> Manufactured to exact dimensional tolerances for rigid, leak-tight flanged mating surfaces in demanding transfer lines.<\/p>\n<h3>Diffusers and Fluid Dynamic Flow Guides<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Multi-vane diffusers cast with precise angular flow paths to smoothly convert kinetic velocity into static pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Stationary fluid dynamic guides engineered to reduce recirculation losses inside multi-stage petrochemical pumping systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mechanical Seal Glands and Seal Housings<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Robust seal glands featuring cast-in flush ports, barrier fluid passages, and precise mounting faces.<\/li>\n<li>Heavy-duty seal housings cast from corrosion-resistant alloys to prevent dangerous volatile emissions and process fluid leakage under thermal cycling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Centrifugal Compressor Blades and Rotors<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Aerodynamically profiled compressor blades cast with smooth surface finishes to maximize compression efficiency.<\/li>\n<li>High-integrity rotor segments cast in high-strength superalloys to endure high rotational speeds, elevated operating temperatures, and cyclic fatigue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pipeline, Fitting, and Instrumentation Parts<\/h2>\n<p>When you evaluate <strong>what petrochemical components can be investment cast<\/strong>, pipeline infrastructure and monitoring hardware sit high on the list. In refining and chemical processing plants, these parts face aggressive media, vibration, and thermal cycling. Investment casting creates dense, leak-free components that eliminate weak points common in welded fabrications.<\/p>\n<h3>High-Pressure Pipe Tees, Elbows, and Wyes<\/h3>\n<p>Directional flow fittings must endure severe line pressures and turbulent fluid forces.<br \/>\n<strong>Complex branch geometries:<\/strong> Cast as unified pieces to avoid multi-weld joint fatigue.<br \/>\n<strong>Even wall thickness:<\/strong> Ensures balanced stress distribution under thermal expansion.<br \/>\n<strong>Streamlined interior passages:<\/strong> Minimizes fluid drag, cavitation, and erosion.<\/p>\n<h3>Flanges and Quick-Connect Couplings<\/h3>\n<p>Precision connection hardware prevents dangerous fugitive emissions in chemical transfer lines.<br \/>\n<strong>Integrated sealing surfaces:<\/strong> Poured to near-net shape, reducing the need for heavy surface machining.<br \/>\n<strong>Specialized alloy options:<\/strong> Cast from duplex stainless steels and nickel alloys to stop crevice corrosion at mating faces.<br \/>\n<strong>High burst strength:<\/strong> Delivers reliable structural density under fluctuating torque loads.<\/p>\n<h3>Flowmeter Sensors, Bodies, and Orifice Plates<\/h3>\n<p>Accurate inline measurement requires tight tolerances and clean internal contours.<br \/>\n<strong>Smooth flow chambers:<\/strong> Lost wax casting produces surface finishes that prevent boundary-layer turbulence.<br \/>\n<strong>Thin-walled sensor ports:<\/strong> Easily molded into the casting without risking dimensional distortion.<br \/>\n<strong>Tight profile accuracy:<\/strong> For components requiring ultra-tight tolerance calibration, partnering with a <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/local-cnc-machine-shop-precision-parts-and-fast-lead-times\/\">local CNC machine shop<\/a> for precision parts guarantees perfect alignment.<\/p>\n<h3>Thermowell Wells and Pressure Transducer Housings<\/h3>\n<p>Petrochemical instrumentation housings protect sensitive sensors from direct process streams.<br \/>\n<strong>Corrosion-resistant shells:<\/strong> Cast in solid Inconel or Hastelloy for long service life in sour or acid-rich lines.<br \/>\n<strong>Solid barrier protection:<\/strong> Free from internal voids or porosity that could cause sensor leaks under high pressure.<br \/>\n<strong>Explosion-proof enclosures:<\/strong> Certified to safely isolate electronics in hazardous plant zones.<\/p>\n<h3>Sight Glass Frames and Sample Port Manifolds<\/h3>\n<p>Safe fluid inspection and extraction hardware demands non-compromising structural integrity.<br \/>\n<strong>Multi-port manifold bodies:<\/strong> Intricate internal channeling cast in one pour, cutting down assembly labor.<br \/>\n<strong>Rigid sight glass retainers:<\/strong> Uniform casting structure prevents uneven clamping stress on glass shields.<br \/>\n<strong>Direct sample ports:<\/strong> Engineered with thick containment walls to resist localized pitting and erosion.<\/p>\n<h2>Refinery Process Hardware: Lifting Lugs, Elbows and Tees, Reducers, and Furnace Tubes<\/h2>\n<p>Beyond valves and pumps, plant engineers still ask what petrochemical components can be investment cast for heaters, reactors, and transfer racks. We are Professional Precision Casting and CNC Machining Service Providers for these structural and process items when geometry, alloy grade, and leak integrity matter more than commodity pipe fittings.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lifting lugs:<\/strong> Cast pad eyes and lift points with controlled fillet radii and dense sections so rigging loads do not initiate cracks at weld toes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elbows and tees:<\/strong> Directional elbows and tees poured as monolithic fittings that keep wall thickness even through the crotch and extrados under thermal cycling.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reducers and pipe fittings:<\/strong> Concentric or eccentric reducers and compact pipe fittings cast near-net to cut weld volume on alloy piping spools.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Catalyst plates and cones:<\/strong> Perforated catalyst plates and cones that need repeatable hole patterns, smooth flow faces, and heat-resistant alloys in reactor internals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Furnace tubes and components:<\/strong> Furnace tubes and related hangers, guides, and mounts where investment casting supports complex transitions that bar stock machining wastes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These parts often ship with the same NDT package as pressure-retaining valve castings because a failed lug or reducer can shut down a unit just as quickly as a leaking bonnet.<\/p>\n<h2>Oilfield Castings: Downhole Components, Flame Arrestors, Filter Screens, and Gear Housings<\/h2>\n<p>Upstream and midstream packages expand the answer to what petrochemical components can be investment cast into oilfield and safety hardware. Lost-wax casting holds thin walls, ports, and wear surfaces that packing-list fabrications struggle to hold in nickel and cobalt grades.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Downhole components:<\/strong> Packers, plugs, slips, mandrels, and related downhole components that need high strength, controlled hardness, and corrosion resistance in sour or abrasive wells.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flow control devices:<\/strong> Compact chokes, seats, and cages that complement surface valve components when operators standardize on investment-cast trim geometry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flame arrestors:<\/strong> Element housings and end fittings for flame arrestors where dimensional stability and corrosion resistance protect vapor-recovery and tank-vent lines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Filter screens:<\/strong> Filter screens and support rings cast with fine openings or cast-then-machined apertures for pump suction and process filtration skids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gear housings:<\/strong> Gear housings and brackets for compressors, mixers, and auxiliary drives that need stiff, complex envelopes without heavy weldment distortion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When a print mixes investment-cast geometry with finish machining, teams often compare routes in an <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/investment-casting-vs-cnc-machining\/\">investment casting vs CNC machining<\/a> review before locking the process sheet.<\/p>\n<h2>High-Performance Alloys Used in Petrochemical Investment Casting<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the right metal grade determines how your parts survive high pressures, sour gas, and aggressive chemical processing. When evaluating what petrochemical components can be investment cast, we pour a wide spectrum of certified metals tailored to specific operational demands. Material limits under high stress are summarized in the <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/alloy-guide-for-high-performance-alloys-and-precision-casting\/\">alloy guide for high-performance alloys and precision casting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Stainless Steels and Duplex Grades<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Austenitic Stainless Steels (304, 316, 316L):<\/strong> Provide reliable baseline corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for general petrochemical fluid handling. Engineers often cross-check grade limits in an <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/investment-cast-stainless-steel-guide-for-engineers-by-vastmaterial\/\">investment cast stainless steel guide<\/a> before freezing the bill of materials.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Duplex and Super Duplex (2205, 2507):<\/strong> Deliver high yield strength and superior protection against chloride pitting and stress corrosion cracking in offshore and refining systems.<sup><a id=\"cite-ref-3\" class=\"cite-ref\" href=\"#ref-3\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Investment_cast_petrochemical_alloy_components_7NL.webp\" alt=\"Investment cast petrochemical parts in stainless, duplex, and nickel alloys\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Nickel-Based Superalloys<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inconel (625, 718):<\/strong> Maintains exceptional structural integrity and oxidation resistance under high operating temperatures.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hastelloy (C-276):<\/strong> Withstands aggressive chemical media, including hot contaminated mineral acids, wet chlorine, and organic solvents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monel:<\/strong> Delivers specialized resistance against hydrofluoric acid, seawater, and severe salt environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cobalt-Based Wear Alloys<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Stellite Grades:<\/strong> Provide extreme galling, erosion, and cavitation resistance for high-friction valve seats, trim components, and flow guides subjected to abrasive slurry flows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Titanium Alloys<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Engineered for critical marine, refining, and subsea assemblies requiring an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and near-immunity to saltwater corrosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Standard Pressure Steels:<\/strong> Offer an economical, high-strength solution for non-corrosive pressure-retaining housings, mounting flanges, brackets, and structural line hardware.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quality Testing and Standards for Petrochemical Castings<\/h2>\n<p>In severe chemical processing and refining environments, failure is not an option. We subject every investment cast component to rigorous inspection protocols to ensure structural integrity, exact metallurgical compliance, and leak-free performance under extreme pressures.<\/p>\n<h3>Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Inspection<\/h3>\n<p>We verify the internal and surface integrity of complex castings without altering the finished product:<br \/>\n<strong>Radiographic Testing (X-ray):<\/strong> Detects internal shrinkage, gas porosity, and inclusions within high-pressure flow control components.<br \/>\n<strong>Liquid Dye Penetrant Inspection:<\/strong> Identifies minute surface cracks, micro-fissures, and pinholes on critical sealing faces.<br \/>\n<strong>Ultrasonic and Magnetic Particle Testing:<\/strong> Locates sub-surface defects and structural discontinuities across all alloy types.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Only_return_keyword_No_explanations_no_Y9F.webp\" alt=\"NDT and dimensional inspection of petrochemical investment castings\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Pressure and Hydrostatic Leak Validation<\/h3>\n<p>Before deployment, our petrochemical valve castings, pump casings, and flow housings undergo hydrostatic and pneumatic pressure testing. This guarantees zero wall leakage, shell porosity, or pressure containment failure in severe operating lines.<\/p>\n<h3>Chemical Composition and Metallurgical Analysis<\/h3>\n<p>Material grade consistency is verified through direct-reading spectrographic analysis. We run:<br \/>\n<strong>Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES):<\/strong> Confirms exact element percentages for Duplex, Inconel, and Hastelloy grades.<br \/>\n<strong>Microstructure and Ferrite Checks:<\/strong> Validates correct phase balances to resist pitting and stress corrosion cracking.<br \/>\n<strong>Mechanical Property Tests:<\/strong> Measures tensile strength, yield, elongation, and hardness to guarantee extreme wear resistance.<\/p>\n<h3>Industry Compliance and Certifications<\/h3>\n<p>We deliver precision-cast hardware built strictly to international energy sector standards, backed by our comprehensive <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/technology\/testing-and-quality\/\">testing and quality assurance programs<\/a>:<br \/>\n<strong>ASTM &amp; ASME Standards:<\/strong> Full compliance with global pressure vessel, valve manufacturing, and material performance specifications.<sup><a id=\"cite-ref-2\" class=\"cite-ref\" href=\"#ref-2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n<strong>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156:<\/strong> Certified metallurgy and heat treatment for safe, crack-resistant performance in severe sour gas (H2S) service environments.<sup><a id=\"cite-ref-1\" class=\"cite-ref\" href=\"#ref-1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Request a Quote for Petrochemical Investment Castings<\/h2>\n<p>If you are sourcing valve components, pump impellers, flanges, elbows and tees, reducers, furnace tubes, or downhole components, share your drawings, alloy grade, pressure class, and NDT package. We will review geometry for lost-wax tooling, flag machining stock, and outline lead time for prototype or production lots.<\/p>\n<p>Send files and requirements to <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/contact\/\">request a quote<\/a> for your next petrochemical investment casting program.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions About Petrochemical Investment Casting<\/h2>\n<p>Understanding what petrochemical components can be investment cast helps engineers and buyers select the right manufacturing process for critical refinery and processing systems. Here are clear answers to the most common questions we receive.<\/p>\n<h3>Can investment casting produce thin-walled petrochemical components?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. The lost wax casting petrochemical process uses specialized ceramic shells and complex coring techniques to cast thin-walled sections with high structural integrity. This approach allows us to produce lightweight analyzer housings, sensor bodies, and flow control devices without risking wall porosity or dimensional distortion. Practical limits are covered in our notes on <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/investment-casting-minimum-wall-thickness\/\">investment casting minimum wall thickness<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>How does investment casting compare to forging for valve bodies?<\/h3>\n<p>While forging works well for basic shapes, investment casting provides distinct advantages for complex <strong>oil and gas valve bodies<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Complex Internal Geometry:<\/strong> Casting forms intricate internal flow passages, galleries, and multi-port configurations directly into the part.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Material Efficiency:<\/strong> It delivers near-net-shape components, eliminating the massive metal scrap generated when hogging out forgings.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Component Consolidation:<\/strong> We cast valve bodies, bonnets, and mounting flanges as single units, eliminating potential leak paths from welded sub-assemblies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What is the maximum part size and weight possible for precision casting?<\/h3>\n<p>Precision casting foundries produce parts ranging from a few ounces up to several hundred pounds. We regularly cast medium-to-large petrochemical hardware &#8211; including heavy pump casings, large valve bodies, and tube sheets &#8211; while holding tight tolerances across every critical dimension.<\/p>\n<h3>Which casting alloy is best suited for sour gas (H2S) applications?<\/h3>\n<p>For sour service casting alloys subject to sulfide stress cracking, duplex stainless steel casting grades (such as 2205 and 2507) and nickel-based superalloys like Hastelloy C-276 and Inconel 625 deliver the best protection. For extreme wear paired with corrosion, <a href=\"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/product\/cobalt-alloy-casting-high-temperature-wear-resistant-parts-cobalt-alloy-casting-solutions-for-extreme-wear-corrosion-and-heat-with-precision-investment-castings-and-custom-cobalt-superalloy-parts\/\">cobalt alloy casting solutions<\/a> for extreme wear, corrosion, and heat provide reliable boundary layer protection for severe downhole and valve seating environments.<\/p>\n<h3>How does precision casting lower long-term machining and replacement costs?<\/h3>\n<p>Investment casting minimizes lifecycle expenses across three key areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reduced Machining Time:<\/strong> Near-net-shape casting leaves minimal stock, so parts only require final critical-surface machining.<\/li>\n<li><strong>High-Grade Material Savings:<\/strong> Less raw material waste directly lowers the cost when using expensive specialty alloys.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extended Service Life:<\/strong> Uniform metallurgical density and high corrosion resistance reduce unexpected plant shutdowns and component changeouts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"references\">References<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"references-list\">\n<li id=\"ref-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ampp.org\/standards\/ansi-nace-mr0175-iso-15156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">AMPP \/ ANSI\/NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 &#8211; Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/b16-34-valves-flanged-threaded-welding-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ASME B16.34 &#8211; Valves &#8211; Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ref-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imoa.info\/molybdenum-uses\/molybdenum-grade-stainless-steels\/duplex-stainless-steel.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">International Molybdenum Association &#8211; Duplex stainless steel corrosion resistance overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quali componenti petrochemici possono essere realizzati con la colata di investimento - valvole, giranti di pompe, flange, gomiti e tee, riduttori, tubi per forni e parti per pozzi profondi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3109"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3111,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3109\/revisions\/3111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haoyumaterial.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}